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• GEL 237: FIELD METHODS IN OCEAN

  3.00 Credits

  Kutztown University of Pennsylvania

  
  A course to familiarize students with the dynamic marine environment and field work on board small research vessels; to instruct in the use and application of standard oceanographic instruments and sampling devices; to promote and encourage independent research through the initial stages of a scientific project.
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• GEL 302: ECONOMIC GEOLOGY

  3.00 Credits

  Kutztown University of Pennsylvania

  
  All metals, many raw chemicals, and other materials in our daily lives, including glass, ceramic, aggregate, and cement, are won from the earth by mining mineral deposits. Economic geology is the study of how these mineral deposits form within the earth and how we explore them. This course in economic geology will investigate both the processes that form mineral deposits, as well as practical exploration strategies currently used in industry.
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• GEL 304: STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

  4.00 Credits

  Kutztown University of Pennsylvania

  
  Structural geology studies the way rocks deform on scales ranging from the microscopic to plate tectonic. This course investigates how rock fold, fracture, and even flow. This knowledge leads to an understanding of how mountain ranges form, where natural resources occur, where groundwater pollutants migrate, and what controls ground stability in construction. The course also explores the history of the earth from a plate tectonics perspective. Projects include both laboratory studies and mapping exercises of deformed rocks in the field.
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• GEL 31: GEL OF NTL PARKS/MONUMENT

  3.00 Credits

  Kutztown University of Pennsylvania

  
  This course is a tool for learning geology and processes in the context of something familiar: the National Parks and Monuments of the U.S. By focusing on the spectacular examples of places students are most likely to visit, students will better identify with the material. This course helps students build a framework understanding of Earth's geologic processes by first establishing an underlying theme of plate tectonics (i.e., the driving force for many large-scale geologic events). The course then focuses in on specific geologic environments in detail ranging from deep-earth formation of magmas that feed volcanoes to surficial processes such as coastal erosion and causes of ice ages. This course does not satisfy major, concomitant, or specialization requirements for Secondary Education and/or Liberal Arts and Science majors.
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• GEL 316: PETROLOGY & GEOCHEMISTRY

  4.00 Credits

  Kutztown University of Pennsylvania

  
  This course introduces the fundamentals of geochemistry in the context of igneous and metamorphic petrology. Understanding the basic principles of the chemical processes within the earth sets the stage for investigations of how magmas form and crystallize, and how pressure, temperature, and fluid-rock interaction change rock mineralogy and texture. Understanding the environments in which rocks form leads to the development of models of geologic processes that form these kinds of rocks. Laboratory work focuses on practical application of these concepts to mapping rocks in the field and studies of rock suites from all over the globe using petrographic microscopes.
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• GEL 320: OPTICAL MINERALOGY

  3.00 Credits

  Kutztown University of Pennsylvania

  
  The unique interactions between crystals and light allow the use of specialized microscopes for the study of rocks and minerals. This course investigates these fascinating phenomena and applies them toward the microscopic determination of minerals and their intergrowths. Projects focus on basic mineral identification and application of that data toward solving basic petrology problems.
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• GEL 324: GEOMORPHOLOGY

  3.00 Credits

  Kutztown University of Pennsylvania

  
  This course involves the study of the evolution of landforms. Tectonic forces, climates and biological forces, the processes of weathering, mass wasting, and erosion in the formation of the surface features of the earth are considered. The interpretation of geologic and topographic maps, laboratory exercises, as well as individual field studies are an important part of the course. Laboratory work and field trips are required.
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• GEL 346: SEDIMENTOLGY&STRATIGRAPHY

  4.00 Credits

  Kutztown University of Pennsylvania

  
  The basic composition, transport, diagenesis and distribution of sediments are introduced along with the principles governing the classification, correlation, interpretation, of stratified rocks are presented by means of lectures, laboratory exercises and field trips. Laboratory exercises demonstrate procedures used in analyzing and presenting stratigraphic data. Field trips are employed to introduce the student to stratigraphic principles and local stratigraphic problems.
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• GEL 358: GENERAL GEOPHYSICS

  3.00 Credits

  Kutztown University of Pennsylvania

  
  The study of applied near-surface geophysical methods such as gravity, magnetics, seismic refraction, seismic reflection, electrical resistivity, electromagnetic induction, ground penetrating radar, and borehole logging. The laboratory exercises and field work using portable geophysical equipment will familiarize the students with the various methods used to collect and interpret geophysical data. (This course is also offered under the MAR 358 designation.)
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• GEL 362: HYDROGEOLOGY

  3.00 Credits

  Kutztown University of Pennsylvania

  
  This course deals with the study of the subsurface waters of the Earth, their occurrence, circulation and distribution, their chemical and physical properties and their relation to the geologic environment. The laboratory exercises and field work will familiarize students with various methods used to collect and interpret hydrological data.
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